The current generation of high-production commercial pizza ovens utilize a conveyor system. This provides several benefits. It makes it easy to maintain a consistent cooking time, it doesn’t require constant monitoring and a skilled operator as a deck oven does, it helps with kitchen flow, and dramatically increases the amount of pies that can be produced with the space available.
With complex machines, maintenance can be more challenging. This can be made easier by familiarizing yourself with the components of your system. Your conveyor system contains three primary devices that must work in concert with each other to provide the consistent and uninterrupted functioning of your pizza oven. For the purposes of this discussion I will examine the Middleby Marshall conveyor system, which is one of the most popular of the conveyor ovens.
The three primary components:
NOTE: If you are uncomfortable performing any of these tests call a qualified technician. Injury, or expensive component damage may result from accidental contact or wiring mistakes made during inspection. It is far less expensive to call a technician first in some cases.
1.The conveyor frame and belt assembly
2.The conveyor motor
3.The speed controller
For the purposes of this article I will use the Middleby Marshall PS360 conveyor system
1.The frame and belt assembly:
The 360 conveyor system is composed of three frames. These frames are connected by 4 frame pivots. These frames hold 2 shafts: a drive shaft and an idler shaft. Each shaft contains several sprockets (6,8,12,16) depending on the age and model. These sprockets are used to make the belt move. The whole assembly can be easily removed for cleaning and maintenance. On occasion, when cleaning or re-installing the belt, it can become bound or snagged. Before attaching the chain, you must make sure the belt spins easily in its assigned direction by hand. If not, you should address the issue BEFORE attaching the chain or damage to your oven will result. If it spins free and easy, then we can move to the next component, the drive motor.
2.The Conveyor Drive Motor:
The conveyor drive motor is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most Middleby Marshall oven use a 1400:1 gear ratio. When ordering a motor it is a good idea to check the ratio on the motor before ordering. The speed controller provides the DC voltage to spin the motor. More voltage=More speed. Inside the top side of the motor are two plastic caps. Contained within these caps are two carbon brushes. These brushes are used to transfer electricity to the commutator. These brushes are a wear item and if they become too small, your motor may behave erratically or fail to move at all. It is always worth checking before you replace your motor. The actual brush is about 15mm long. When the brush reaches half its length (7.5mm or so) it should be replaced. If your conveyor belt does not move, but you see your motor spinning, this can be caused by a loose screw. The conveyor sprockets are secured by one or two screws each. The shaft collar, which appears inside the belt close to the motor also has a set screw. These are one of the first places to check after ensuring that your belt isn’t jammed. If all screws are tight, the top of the magnet is spinning, and the motor shaft does not turn, the gearbox is damaged. This is usually caused by a jammed belt. The gearbox is part of the motor and if it is damaged, the motor needs to be replaced. Atop the motor, in many styles of Middleby Marshall conveyor motors, is an exposed magnet with a sensor pointed at it. This is how the motor “tells” the speed controller how fast it is moving. For this sensor to function properly, it needs to be pointed directly at the magnet, and as close as possible without touching the magnet. About the thickness of a business card away. It is possible that in a confined environment, as most pizza kitchens are, the wires of the motor and the pick up sensor mounted atop of it can be accidentally pulled upon. The sensor wires are small and carry a low voltage signal that can be easily interrupted if the wires pull out of their terminal ends or the terminal ends are disconnected. This is a good cheap fix that should be considered before replacing more expensive parts. So, all that looks good, and your motor appears to not be functioning, then we can look at the speed board.
3.The Speed board aka speed controller:
The speed board does a few different things. It converts 110VAC to DC voltage. The Middleby Marshall Speed Controller has an output of up to 90VDC. If it is giving 90VDC, it is telling the motor to run at full speed. It then uses the information from the hall-effect sensor (pick-up sensor) mounted atop the motor to “decide” the proper amount of voltage to send to the motor to achieve the desired speed. The old speed controls used an analog thumb wheel to set the time. Through age and heat, these wheels often fall apart after years of use and must be replaced. The new controls are digital, and in the case of Middleby Marshall speed controls, can be set for any of their many different models easily. Older models use dip switches to “pick” their oven. If these switches are improperly set or not fully in position (halfway) they can cause problems. If the sensor wires are not in the proper position on the speed board it can cause malfunction, or at worst, component damage. I advise calling a technician to diagnose a speed controller.